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15.0 List of Tables and Figures
Table 1. Surface Areas (km2) and volumes (km3)
of Great Lakes waters between the Shoreline and the 9- and 27-m
Depth Contours.
Table 2. Characteristics of the Great Lakes Connecting Channels
Table 3. Historical Dredging Quantities (millions of m3)
in U.S. Waters of the Great Lakes
Table 4. Environmental Conditions Affecting Survival of Zebra
Mussel Larvae
Table 5. Colonization Potential of Zebra Mussels under Various
Environmental Conditions
Table 6. Numbers of Great Lakes Fish Species Exhibiting Various
Strengths of Association with Submergent and Emergent Aquatic
Vegetation as Young-of-the-year and as Adults
Table 7. Numbers of Great Lakes Fish Species Exhibiting Various
Strengths of Association with Substrate Types as Young-of-the-year
and as Adults
Table 8. Summary of 127 Shoreline Projects Referred to the Canadian
Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Central Region
Table 9. Mean Number (s.d.) per 35 cm2 of 12 Taxa in
Great Lakes Community Assemblages
Table 10. Occurrence of Six Community Types among 252 Great Lakes
Reference Sites, and Number of Sites Representing Each Community
Table 11. Accuracy of Predicting Community Types at 20 Sites
Table 12. Prevalence of Lip and Body Papillomas Reported in White
Sucker Populations in Ontario Waters of the Great Lakes and in
Surrounding Areas
Table 13. Prevalence of External Tumours Reported in Brown Bullhead
Populations in U.S. and Canadian Waters of the Great Lakes Basin
Table 14. Prevalence of Combined Cholangiocytic (Bile-duct) and
Hepatocytic (Liver-cell) Liver Tumours Reported in White Sucker
Populations at Remedial Action Plan (RAP) Sites and Reference
Sites in Canadian Waters of the Great Lakes, and from Sites in
Surrounding Areas
Table 15. Prevalences of Liver Tumours Reported in Brown Bullhead
Populations in U.S. and Canadian Waters of the Great Lakes Basin
Table 16. Organisms That Cause Waterborne Diseases
Table 17. Closures of Great Lakes Beaches in Ontario (Chiefly
Because of Microbial Contamination), 1986-1994
Table 18. Status of Bathing Beaches in U.S. Waters of the Great
Lakes, 1981-1994
Table 19. Chlorination By-products Found in Canadian Drinking
Water
Table 20. Consumption Advisories for Selected Great Lakes Fish
Table 21. Summary of Existing Sport Fish Consumption Advisory
Programs and Criteria Related to the Great Lakes Basin, 1989
Figure 1. The Great Lakes Basin Ecosystem
Figure 2. Nearshore Waters
Figure 3. Thermal Stratification Cycle in Lake Ontario
Figure 4. Upwelling in Lake Ontario with Longshore Velocity Distribution
Figure 5. Niagara River Plume
Figure 6. Coastal boundary layer for (a) summer stratified conditions
at Douglas Point, Lake Huron, and (b) winter homogenous conditions
at Pickering, Lake Ontario
Figure 7. Surface Distribution of Phosphorus Concentrations
Figure 8. Surface Distribution of Soluble Reactive Phosphorus
Concentrations
Figure 9. Surface Distribution of Spring Filtered Nitrate-plus-nitrite
Figure 10. Surface Distribution of Chlorophyll a Concentrations
Figure 11. Phosphorus Gradient in Lake Ontario
Figure 12. Total Phosphorus (TP) and Chlorophyll a Concentrations
Figure 13. Long-term Trend in Total Phosphorus Concentrations
in the Great Lakes
Figure 14. Long-term Trend for Chlorophyll a Concentrations in
the Great Lakes
Figure 15. Algal Response to Phosphorus Loading in Western Basin
of Lake Erie
Figure 16. Cumulative Decline of Algal Populations in Western
Lake Erie
Figure 17. Phytoplankton Density in Western Lake Erie
Figure 18. Nitrate Trend in Central Basin of Lake Erie
Figure 19. Phosphorus Concentrations in the Bay of Quite
Figure 20. Forage Fish Contaminant Index (FFCI) for young-of-the-year
spottail shiners in the Great Lakes in 1993 or 1994, with relative
contributions from PCBs and DDT
Figure 21. Temporal trends of total PCB concentrations of young-of-the-year
spottail shiners in the Great Lakes from 1975 to 1994
Figure 22. White Sucker Tumour Surveys
Figure 23. Brown Bullhead Tumour Surveys
Figure 24. Fish Consumption Advisories for Coldwater Species
Figure 25. Fish Consumption Advisories for Warmwater Species
Figure 26. Trends in Contaminant Concentrations
Appendix A: Common and Scientific Names of Plants
and Animals Mentioned in This Report
Common name | Scientific name | |
Algae |
Stephanodiscus | Stephanodiscus binderanus |
Vascular plants | Common cattail |
Typha latifolia |
Eurasian watermilfoil | Myriophyllum spicatum | |
Naiad | Najas flexilis | |
Purple loosestrife | Lythrum salicaria | |
Waterweed | Elodea canadensis | |
Protozoans | Glugea | Glugea hertwigi |
Zooplankton | Spiny water flea | Bythrotrephes cederstroemi |
Mussels |
Quagga mussel | Dreissena bugensis |
Zebra mussel | Dreissena polymorpha | |
Benthic invertebrates | Burrowing mayfly | Hexagenia spp. |
Fish | Alewife | Alosa pseudoharengus |
American eel | Anguilla rostrata | |
Blueback herring | Alosa aestivalis | |
Blue pike | Stizostedion v. glaucum | |
Bowfin | Amia calva | |
Brown bullhead | Ameiurus nebulosus | |
Burbot | Lota lota | |
Common carp | Cyprinus carpio | |
Catfishes | Ictaluridae | |
Coho salmon | Oncorhynchus kisutch | |
Deepwater ciscoes | Coregonus spp. | |
Deepwater sculpin | Myxocephalus thompsoni | |
Emerald shiners | Notropis atherinoides | |
Freshwater drum | Aplodinotus grunniens | |
Goldfish | Carassius auratus | |
Gizzard shad | Dorosoma cepedianum | |
Lake herring | Coregonus artedi | |
Lake sturgeon | Acipenser fulvescens | |
Lake trout | Salvelinus namaycush | |
Lake whitefish | Coregonus clupeaformis | |
Largemouth bass | Micropterus salmoides | |
Pacific salmon | Oncorhynchus spp. | |
Pikes | Esocidae |
|
Rainbow smelt | Osmerus mordax | |
Round goby | Neogobious melanostomus | |
Ruffe | Gymnocephalus cernus | |
Sea lamprey | Petromyzon marinus | |
Slimy sculpin | Cottus cognatus | |
Spottail shiners | Notropis hudsonius | |
Sunfishes | Centrarchidae | |
Tubenose goby | Proterorhinus marmoratus | |
Walleye | Stizostedion vitreum | |
White sucker | Catostomus commersoni | |
Yellow perch | Perca flavescens | |
Birds |
American black duck |
Anas rubripes |
American wigeon | Anas americana | |
Bald eagle | Haliaeetus leucocephalus | |
Black-crowned night-heron | Nycticorax nycticorax | |
Black tern | Childonias niger | |
Blue-winged teal | Anas discors | |
Bufflehead | Bucephala albeola | |
Canada goose | Branta canadensis | |
Canvasback | Athaya valisneria | |
Caspian tern | Sterna caspia | |
Common goldeneye | Bucephala clangula | |
Common loon | Gavia immer | |
Common merganser | Mergus merganser | |
Common tern | Sterna hirundo | |
Double-crested cormorant | Phalacrocorax auritus | |
Forster's tern | Sterna forsteri | |
Gadwall | Anas strepera | |
Great black-backed gull | Larus marinus | |
Great blue heron | Ardea herodias | |
Great egret | Casmerodius albus | |
Greater scaup | Athaya marila | |
Green-winged teal | Anas crecca | |
Herring gull | Larus argentatus | |
Hooded merganser | Lyphodytes cucullatus | |
Lesser scaup | Athaya affinis | |
Little gull | Larus minutus | |
Mallard | Anas platyrhynchos | |
Mute swan | Cygnus olor | |
Northern pintail | Anas acuta | |
Northern shoveler | Anas clypeata | |
Oldsquaw | Clangula hyemalis | |
Osprey | Pandion haliaetus | |
Red-breasted merganser | Mergus serrator | |
Redhead | Athaya americana | |
Ring-billed gull | Larus delawarensis | |
Ring-necked duck | Athaya collaris | |
Ruddy duck | Oxyura jamaicensis | |
Tundra swan | Cygnus columbianus | |
White pelican | Pelecanus erythrorhynchos | |
White-winged scoter | Melanitta fusca | |
Wood duck | Aix sponsa | |
Aquatic mammals | Beaver | Castor canadensis |
Mink | Mustela vision | |
Muskrat | Ondatra zibethica | |
Raccoon | Procyon lotor | |
River otter | Lutra canadensis |
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